L.L. Bean Item forecasting case study Essay Example

L.L. Bean Item anticipating contextual analysis Paper Harvard Business School 9-893-003 Rev. September 7, 1993 L. L. Bean, Inc. Thing Forecasting and Inventory Management When you request a thing from a L. L. Bean inventory and were unavailable, Im the person to fault. What's more, in the event that we wind up selling a lot of womens fleece cashmere jackets, its my flaw. Nobody sees how intense it is. Imprint Fasold, Vice President† Inventory Management, was portraying the test of thing anticipating at L. L. Bean. Anticipating request at the total level is a bit of cake†if were running low on desires, we Just dunk further into our client list and convey some more atalogs. Yet, we need to choose what number of chamois shirts and what number of chino pants to purchase, and if were excessively high on one and excessively low on different, its no comfort to realize that we were spot on by and large. Top administration comprehends this on a basic level, yet they are justifiably upset that blunders at the thing level are so huge. In a list professional our own, you truly catch request. That is the uplifting news. The awful news is, you realize what a lousy Job youre doing attempting to coordinate interest with gracefully. Dislike that in a retail establishment, state, where a client ay come in searching for a dress shirt and lets the showcase of accessible shirts create the interest for a specific thing. Or on the other hand if a client has some specific thing as a primary concern yet its not accessible, the individual in question may Just leave the store. In a retail chain you never know the genuine interest or the outcomes of understocking. Be that as it may, in our business each deal is produced by a client requesting a specific thing, either via mail or by telephone. In the event that we havent got it, and the client drops the request, we know it. Rol Fessenden, Manager†Inventory Systems, included: We realize that figure blunders are unavoidable. Rivalry, the economy, climate are altogether factors. Be that as it may, request at the thing level is likewise influenced by client conduct, which is difficult to foresee, or even to clarify everything considered. Now and again some thing takes off and turns into a runaway, far surpassing our interest figures. Now and again we can distinguish the pattern at an early stage and, with a helpful seller, get more item fabricated in a rush and pursue request; more often than not, in any case, the wanderers leave us Just dismissing clients. We will compose a custom article test on L.L. Bean Item determining contextual investigation explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on L.L. Bean Item determining contextual analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on L.L. Bean Item determining contextual analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Furthermore, for each out of control, theres a canine thing that sells route beneath desires and that you couldnt even offer away to clients. Yearly expenses of lost deals and delay purchases were minimalistically assessed to be $11 million; costs related with having a lot of an inappropriate stock were an extra $10 million. This case was set up by Professor Arthur Schleifer, Jr. as the reason for class conversation instead of to show either compelling or inadequate treatment of a managerial circumstance. Copyright 1992 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To arrange duplicates or solicitation consent to replicate materials, call 1-800-545-7685, compose Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to ttp://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No piece of this distribution might be imitated, put away in a recovery framework, utilized in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any structure or by any means†electronic, mechanical, copying, recording, or otherwise†without the authorization of Harvard Business School. 893-003 L. L. Bean Background In 1912 Leon Leonwood Bean imagined the Maine Hunting Shoe (a mix of lightweight calfskin uppers and elastic bottoms). He got a rundown of alien Maine chasing permit holders, arranged an engaging mail-request roundabout, set up jump in his siblings storm cellar in Freeport, Maine, and began an across the country mail-request business. The introduction of the U. S. Post Offices household bundle post administration in that year gave a methods for conveying requests to clients. At the point when L. L. Bean kicked the bucket in 1967, at 94 years old, deals had reached $4. 75 million, his organization utilized 200 individuals, and a yearly index was dispersed to a mailing rundown of 600,000 individuals. L. L. s Golden Rule had been Sell acceptable product at a sensible benefit, treat your clients like people, and theyll consistently return for additional. At the point when Leon Gorman, L. L. s grandson, succeeded him as president in 1967, he tried to grow and modernize the business without going astray from his granddads Golden Rule. By 1991, L. L. Bean, Inc. as a significant cataloger, maker, and retailer in the outside brandishing strength field: Catalog deals in 1990 were $528 million, with an extra $71 million in deals from the companys 50,000 square-foot retail location in Freeport. Twenty-two distinct lists (frequently alluded to as books by organization employees)†114 million pieces in all†were sent that year. There were 6,000,000 dynamic clients. The mail-request business had been providing approach to phone arranges after the organization introduced across the nation 800 assistance in 1986. By 1991, 80% of all requests came in by phone. Major post office based mail contenders included Lands End, Eddie Bauer, Talbots, and Orvis. A 1991 Consumer Reports review on consumer loyalty with mail-request organizations discovered L. L. Bean heading the rundown for generally speaking fulfillment in each class for which they offered stock. In clarifying why L. L. Bean had not extended its retail tasks past the one store in Freeport, Leon Gorman differentiated the direct-arketing (inventory) and retail organizations. The two methodologies require altogether different sorts of the board. Mail-request advertisers are diagnostic, quantitatively arranged. Retailers must be inventive, limited time, pizzazzy, stock situated. Its extreme to gather one supervisory group that can deal with the two capacities. 1 Product Lines L. L. Beans product offering was grouped progressively (see Exhibit 1). At the most significant level of accumulation were Merchandise Groups: mens and womens extras, mens and womens clothing, mens and womens footwear, outdoors hardware, and so forth. Inside each Group were Demand Centers; for example, womens clothing had as Demand Centers weave shirts, sweaters, pants, skirts, Jackets and pullovers, and so forth. Each Demand Center was additionally separated into Item Sequences; for instance, womens sweaters comprised of Midnight Mesa Handknit Cardigans, Indian Point Pullovers, Lambswool Turtlenecks, and around twenty different items. Thing Sequences were additionally separated into singular things, recognized fundamentally by shading; it was at this thing level that conjectures must be given and, at last, buy duties must be made. Around 6,000 things showed up in some of the inventories that were given over the span of a year. 1 L. L. Bean, Inc. Corporate Strategy, Harvard Business School Case (581-159), 1981. 21tems were additionally separated by size into stock-keeping units, or SWs. This was finished by applying standard size-dissemination breakdowns. Albeit an improper appropriation could prompt inordinate stock of certain sizes and stockouts of others, the board concern was coordinated to the thing level, since there was no proof of a superior framework than expecting that the conveyance of interest by size would carry on in the uture as it had before, and would be indistinct starting with one thing then onto the next. Things were likewise grouped into three occasional classes (spring, fall, and all year), and into two extra classifications (new or never out) that depicted whether the thing was an ongoing or increasingly lasting individual from the companys contributions, and therefore portrayed the measure of authentic interest information accessible for the thing. The Bean Catalogs The major catalogs†spring, summer, fall, and Christmas†each turned out in a few adaptations. A full list, running from 116 to 152 pages, went to Beans customary ustomers. A littler possibility list was circled to expected clients; it contained fundamentally a subset of things from the full index. (Bean recognized such possibility clients in an assortment of ways, for instance, through the acquisition of mailing records, or by recording beneficiaries of endowments from other Bean clients. ) also, various strength catalogs†Spring Weekend, Summer Camp, Fly Fishing, and so forth † introduced things that were one of a kind to that list, just as certain things found in the significant indexes. There was some cover available for use: the best ustomers got practically all the inventories, and those clients known, through past buying conduct, to be keen on different claims to fame may get a proper forte inventory notwithstanding the occasional full indexes. Thing Forecasting Each list had an incubation time of around nine months, and its creation included promoting, plan, item, and stock experts. For instance, the underlying conceptualization for the Fall, 1991 season started in October, 1990. Starter gauges of all out deals for each list were made in December. Item administrators eveloped fundamental thing gauges by book in the December, 1990 to March, 1991 time span. Format and pagination of the books started in January, 1991. Beginning duties to merchants were made in January and February. In the ensuing months, as the inventories came to fruition, thing gauges were over and over overhauled lastly solidified by May 1. By early July a high contrast form of the format was accessible inside. Now, the item chiefs gave off their product offering to the stock administrators. The finished Fall 1991 lists were in the possession of clients around August 1 . As the list

How To Mention The Song Of Solomon In An Essay Mla Example For Students

The most effective method to Mention The Song Of Solomon In An Essay Mla During the time numerous creators have endeavored to catch the people journey for self-legitimacy. In the novel Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison delineates the numerous parts of self-realization, just as the tormenting street that prompts the forming of a person. Through lovely language, with massive reality, she can depict youthful dark keeps an eye on venture as he reveals his own history, legend, and pith. The story spins around ages, over a significant time span, of a dark family in the south. The character of Milkman (Macon Dead jr.) advances through the portrayals, occasions, and encounters of others. His folks, Macon Dead sr., and Ruth Foster Dead, speak to the divider blocking Milkman from his actual bona fide personality. A significant number of Milkmans serious issues are an immediate consequence of his folks choking out errors. Ruth bosom took care of Milkman until he was six years of age, henceforth the name Milkman. She was explicitly quelled by her better half for a long time, and utilized her young child as a substitute for sexual closeness. Ruth accepted that she had no legitimacy, and that she was unimportant and secluded. By passing these negative credits and feelings to Milkman she upset his characteristic procedure for development, and at last left him feeling lost and uncertain. Rather than urging Milkman to develop and develop, Ruth accumulated him into the world tha t she herself detested. Milkmans father, Macon Dead sr., turned into a savage cash dog after his dad, Jake, was shot and executed for his property. This staggering occasion from his youth made him parsimonious, uncaring, and closefisted. Macon Dead sr. turns into a cash hungry machine since he wouldn't like to endure a similar destiny as his dad. Macon Dead sr. neglects to reveal to Milkman the explanations for his tightfisted mentality. In this way making an unfavorable hole between their relationship. Milkmans mother and father both push their own feelings of dread on him adding to the devastation of his own personality. Simply after Milkman reveals these tribulations behind his folks personalities, would he be able to start his journey for self-legitimacy. By dislodging the significant impact Milkmans guardians have on his journey for self-completion, Morrison can pass on her subject of generational clash. Without proper parental direction, trustworthiness, and clarification Milkman experiences difficulty finding the valid individual inside himself. The internal unrest inside both Ruth and Macon Dear sr. reflects contrarily upon Milkman, leaving him lost and unfocused. Morrison composes of this opening inside Ruth, on the grounds that the truth of the matter is that I am a little lady. I dont mean nearly nothing; I mean little, and Im little since I was squeezed little. (p. 124) Instead of tolerating the issues with their own legitimacy, the two guardians power their unauthentic qualities on Milkman. The domineering needs of the two guardians bring about Milkmans need to locate his own Identity in different spots, others. The person who initially rouses Milkman to find his own personality is Pilate, the illegal sister of Macon Dead sr. She is a secretive lady, enormous, manly, and startling. Her sibling deserted her following quite a while of help since she started making wine. Macon Dead sr. this plastered calling, and therefore restrict Milkman to experience her. In spite of his dads wishes Milkman is fascinated by Pilate and rapidly gets assimilated in her mystical, profound, satisfying world. This was a similar world that once held his dad in wonder. Morrison composes, giving up to the sound, Macon drew nearer. He needed no discussion, no whiteness, just to tune in and maybe to see them three, the wellspring of that music that made him consider fields and of wild turkey and calico. (P.29) By going into Pilates home Milkman starts to address why his dad demonstrations the manner in which he does. Through Pilate, Milkman finds a past that appears to be lost inside his dad. This acknowledgment begi!n s Milkmans mission for self-validness. .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de , .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de .postImageUrl , .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de , .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de:hover , .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de:visited , .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de:active { border:0!important; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de:active , .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u081cc7095e a0505bbf210e31587003de .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u081cc7095ea0505bbf210e31587003de:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE AVIATION INDUSTRY EssayMilkmans trip to personality takes him numerous spots. He is blessed to have a companion, Guitar, who is additionally lost, and chasing for his real personality. The two seek after undertakings and their differentiating characters leave them mind ha wide point of view on occasions and encounters. While Milkman appears to be calm, graceful, nearly discovering his true self. Guitar is anxious, active, and mindful of his needs. Morrison makes Pilate as an allegory for a pilot, managing Milkman through his mission. The way that she has no navel adds to the possibilit y that she is a lady without any roots. This makes her a lady with no unique, self-completed character, adding to her allure for both Milkman and Guitar. In his endeavor to get away from the universe of his folks, Milkman discovers there past. He visits Danville and Shalimar, the two spots of otherworldly legacy. Here he gains from different characters, the occasions that molded his folks past, and consequently their folks before them. He is attracted to these accounts as they feed him with data about his missing character. He is particularly attracted to Circe, the puzzling sorceress that spared his dad and Pilate from merciless white landowners. Morrison composes, so when he saw the lady at the highest point of the steps there was no chance to get for him to oppose ascending toward her exceeded hands, her fingers spread wide for him, her mouth expanding open for him, her eyes eating up him. (P.239) Circe, Pilate, and the men from his dads past, furnish Milkman with the fundamental help, solace and character missing from his youth. He starts to comprehend and value his legacy. Anything missing from his childhood is currently subbed b y eve!nts from previous eras. Life is basically more obvious, in light of the fact that his point of view is more extensive and all the more satisfying. At long last, Milkman isn't totally content with the data he has picked up on his mission. Anyway he had revealed numerous puzzles and fears about his legacy, and past, and got settled with how he became. Milkman found things about his folks connections, and in the process found himself. By wandering into the obscure he got mindful of a considerable lot of the angles that make up his very own realness. In the novel Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison investigates the occasions that shape youthful keeps an eye on life. She investigates this mission for validness with social concerns, social void, family legacy, racial strains, ravenousness, and love. By contacting such huge numbers of parts of life, Morrison can make a novel of immeasurable scope. With supernatural dreams and otherworldly characters she encompasses the peruser in a world interesting and ground-breaking, painting an unchangeable image of a period long past. However her topics are so all inclusive and very much completed that her story appears to exist in a period neither past nor present. For the present he recognize what Shalimar knew: If you gave up to the air, you could ride it. (P337) Morrison composes an uplifting story and really catches the pith of a mission for a credible personality.

An actual day in the life

An actual day in the life (This seemed like a really good idea for an entry when I was on my bike coming home from cheerleading. If you disagree dont tell me. Ill be sad.) Since the stated purpose of the blogs is to introduce prospectives to a day in the life of an MIT student, I have rather uncreatively decided to present An Actual Day in My Life, Fall 2005 Version. 8:15 The alarm goes off after about seven hours of sleep. I hit snooze, because who gets up with the first alarm anyway? 8:24 The alarm goes off again. I smack Adam and ask when he wants me to get him up (he cant get up by himself), then sit down at the computer and turn on my (illegal but oh-so-warm) space heater. (Um, hopefully no one from Housing reads the blogs.) 8:30-9:10 Check CC, everybodys blogs, Google News, and a bunch of LiveJournal communities. I get dressed in my MIT Cheer shirt with a really cheerleadery ponytail and red ribbon. Its just that kind of day. 9:15 I hit up Macgregor Convenience for my morning Froot Loops and 20 oz. Mountain Dew. The best part of waking up is 92 mg. of caffeine in your bloodstream! (I actually did research freshman year to determine what drink I was willing to consume contained the highest concentration of caffeine. Mountain Dew won, and I drink it religiously.) 9:20-9:30 Bike across campus from W61 to 56. Its cold outside. 9:35-10:55 Attend 9.15 (biochemistry/pharmacology of synaptic transmission) lecture. Professor Wurtman is happy with the class performance on last Thursdays midterm. The lecture is about the biosynthesis, effects, and metabolism of melatonin. 10:56-11:03 Run to the building 56 Athena cluster to check email and print readings for classes later today. 11:05-11:55 21A.100 (intro to anthropology) lecture. Professor Paxson is discussing the influence of culture on the individual. I am trying to get Adam to stop studying for his 16.06 test and start listening to Professor Paxson. I am unsuccessful. 11:56-12:08 I wait in line for, order, and purchase a cheese sandwich at the Stata Centers Forbes Cafe. I like cheese sandwiches. 12:10-12:55 I attend recitation for 5.60 (thermo). There are about ten students in my section, and our TA makes sure all of us speak up and have our questions heard. Who says you dont get personal attention at research universities? I leave with some juicy pset hints. 12:56-1:00 I meet with anthropology professor Christine Walley to get my HASS concentration form filled out. Youre supposed to do this by the end of sophomore year. Im running a little behind. 1:01 While walking out of Professor Walleys office, I very nearly run into 21A.260 Professor James head-on because Im busy scrutinizing the 5.60 pset my TA has just returned to me. She gives me an odd look and tells me shell be right down to class. (I think perhaps she thinks Im a little spacy. Perhaps shes right.) 1:05-2:25 21A.260, Culture, Embodiment, and the Senses. Professor James has assigned us one of her own papers to read. We are all wisely complimentary to her paper. (I think she actually was looking for criticisms, as the paper is due to be published soon. But were nice kids.) We discuss family dynamics in rural France and the effect of bewitching on these dynamics. Its a small class (seven students), so theres always plenty of time to have your points heard. 2:26 I run into Akhil, the only other person to have ever been admitted to MIT from my high school. He graduated in my high school class, but he zipped through his bachelors in three years and is now working on his masters in EECS. We discuss happenings in our lives. He comments on my recently dyed hair. Its nice to have people youve known since sixth grade who also understand your MIT life. 2:30-6:00 Lab time! Today I am miniprepping plasmid DNA from E. coli, digesting the minipreps with restriction enzymes, running the digested DNA on a gel, and choosing nice-looking plasmids for transfection into COS7 cells. (The plasmid contains DNA which codes for my favorite protein as well as GFP; cells which express my protein will glow green under fluorescent light.) If this is all Greek to you, I suggest this site also check out the extremely sexy Flash movies of DNA replication and protein synthesis! My postdoc and I discuss the state of our project and what I need to do over the next week or so. 6:35 I arrive home to find dinner on the table. Hooray for boyfriends who can cook! (It was only pasta and garlic bread. But it was still homemade!) 7:00-7:45 Check all my websites again. Sit in the lounge and chat with various D-Entry residents. Change into cheerleading clothes. 8:00-10:00 Cheerleading practice. At this practice, two girls get bashed in the face while stunting, I manage to discombobulate the tiny bones in my wrist, and we all get general bangs, bruises, and muscle pain. On the upside, several of the flyers are getting really nice twist crades. 10:05-11:54 Check websites. Update blog. 11:55-12:10 VERY hot shower, hopefully. Due to a water main break in Cambridge, the dorms hot water has been finicky for the past few days. I am crossing my fingers that the water is at least 50 degrees C I am tired and my muscles are sore. 12:15-1:00 Finish up 5.60 pset. (Edit, for Augustus sake below: I had already worked on the pset Monday and Wednesday nights for about three hours each!) Get sick of working on pset and check websites again. 1:00 Sleep? Edit, 12:24 AM (because the shower actually took until 12:20 since the water was, in fact, oh so hot): I forgot to say that I am jealous of leftcoast moms intellectual energy in comparison to the apathy of my mother. Still, in my moms defense, shes a sixth-grade teacher, so the closest she comes to teaching about phase changes and entropy is when she talks about the fact that water can be a solid, a liquid, and a gas!

The Portrayal of Brutus as a Tragic Hero in William...

The Portrayal of Brutus as a Tragic Hero in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Throughout the works of Shakespeare, tragedy has always been a vital foundation and a key to his immense successes. His fine mastery of the art became legendary amongst the audiences that watched his various plays. Romeo and Juliet is a prime example of the tragedy he could combine into a stage performance. An Irish poet named Oscar Wilde who was a novelist, dramatist and critic in the late eighteen hundreds once wrote, There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. This has an exact correlation to the play Julius Caesar where the tragedy lies in the greed of a†¦show more content†¦Though the letter is simple and only two lines, it sparks the questions needed to be raised in order to get beneath the unwavering loyalties that he is shown to carry. In the lines that read, â€Å"Brutus, thou sleep’st: awake’. Such instigations have often been dropp’d where I have took them up† (lines 48-49), and, â€Å"Shall Rome stand under one man’s awe? What Rome?† (line 52), it is apparent that the few words the letter carried have created doubt in Brutus’ mind. The fact that Brutus is so appealing to the audience is a mixture of emotions stirred within each person watching the play. It is comprehendible and probable that Shakespeare’s ambition was to connect this character to the everyday temptations and conscientious objecting that every person goes through. Although this has been extremely dramatised, people can familiarise with Brutus’ predicament as they have at least once in their lives faced a temptation for which they have most probably given in to. In Act 1 Scene 2, lines 82-89 it provides the loose fibre in the strength of Brutus’ loyalty, but also shows the torment inside of this character facing the brutal reality of his own thoughts and feelings, a classic example being, â€Å"I would not, Cassius; yet I love him well†. It presents the fractured reasoning of the human mind; the inability to come to a threatening conclusion against all

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Ducks

Effects of Roman Architecture Free Essays

string(114) " featured arches with Ionic columns and the third one consisted of a wall with pilasters in the Corinthian Order\." It was an art of shaping space around ritual, it sought identity and fulfillment in the performance and creation, it was their way of reducing chaos, it was used to show their newly developed building skills, it was to â€Å"romanize† their country and set it apart from others. What was the reasoning for making such extraordinary structures? From the beginning of the use of â€Å"the arch† to the construction of huge public places such as the Roman arena. There’s a reason why thousands of people visit these places every year, something so amazing that keep’s our attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Roman Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s the beauty, or the concept of building these, or maybe the idea of designing such complex structures. The detail is tremendously in depth also, they truly cared about what they were doing. We here the quote said by John Heywood when being lectured about hard work, â€Å"Rome was not built in a day. †7 And it’s so very true. We today are amazed in how and why they would do it. The effects on today are tremendous. If you were to look down your street you would see so many uses of Roman Architecture. Columns? So simple but still so elegant. Domes? Such an amazing architectural design. Arches? Gave a whole new meaning to an open-looking building. Before Roman style came we had other styles including; Prehistoric which did not inspire much besides stone circles and Ancient Egypt which gave us the beautiful pyramids. Besides that, the Romans were the first to really break through. Which is what they wanted, wanting to be known by all. Roman Architecture effected the future’s idea on structure, design and the ability to obtain power by it’s beauty, it’s structure, and it’s uses. So what was the reasoning of making these structures? To show all the power they had, to show what they could do themselves. The English author Goethe once said, â€Å"Dream no small dreams for they have no power to move the hearts of men. †2 Proving that they were the ones that were smart enough to come up with this. Not only did they make them to show everyone, they used them. They were used daily and stayed intact. They’re still intact today! 4 So many designs that helped the future come up with more and more complex ideas. Producing such massive, creative, and beautiful designs made people come and sit in ah. The year is 2009 and guess who is still coming and sitting in ah, we are. The poet Friedrich von Schelling once said, â€Å"Architecture in general is rozen music. †1 And music in general is a beautiful thing. Beauty is a big factor in attracting attention. If something is that beautiful, people will take the effort to take a double look. Romans took this into account and used it to their advantage. Take the Pantheon for example, simply amazing. It’s thought by many to be almost perfect in interior design. The light pours through the aperture in the coffered dome, and creates a mystical atmosphere in the windowless building. From afar you see the massive dome, the octastyle porch and a rectangular feature connecting the two. There are also eight granite columns, six of them being original. 4 The two replacement columns were made of a reddish granite, almost identical. The inside is what is really amazing, you first walk up to the porch which is made of all marble and granite. The two stones were arranged in a pattern of circles and rectangles. You then enter the â€Å"entranceway† where you see that it is framed by pilasters of white marble. To get into the rotunda you enter through huge doors made of bronze that are connected by wooden planks, attached again by bronze nails. When first stepping into the rotunda your eye goes directly to â€Å"the eye†. â€Å"The eye†, or the all-powerful eye, is a round piece of glass on the direct top of the dome. It gives off a fair amount of light and in the Roman’s perspective, keeps an eye on all visitors. 7 Thomas Fuller a British author once said â€Å"Light, God’s eldest daughter, is a principal beauty in a building. †2 The Rotunda also has an unbelievable amount of statues, columns, and detailed stoned etchings. The ground their is also arranged with alternating circles and squares of colored marbles and granites. What’s amazing is the craftsmanship that was put into every piece of art the Roman’s produced, and the time it took to make them. William Sutton once said, â€Å"Success in any endeavor requires single-minded attention to detail and total concentration. †9 Like the Colosseum’s hundreds of beautiful arches and the detail involved in each square. Or the beautiful rounded look they created for their theaters. Or the amazing etchings in the Monumental Arch. And who could forget about the baths! The creative, soothing paintings and the marble lined utilities were enough to ease the mind. Beauty, if used wisely, can lead to power. Power is what the Romans craved for and power is what was perceived from the outsider, they won. The structure of every building they ever erected was just amazing. Without their help the idea of theatre seating may not have even happened. The theatre has always meant so much throughout history, Oscar Wilde once said, â€Å"I regard the theatre as the greatest of all forms, the most immediate way in which a human being can share with another the sense of what is is to be a human being. †3 Take the Theatre of Marcellus for example. The theatre is 111 m. n diameter and could originally hold 11,000 spectators. 2 The theatre was built mainly of tuff and concrete faced with stones in the pattern known as opus reticulatum, then completely plastered in white travertine. 5 It also consisted of three levels supported by columns. Each level had a different architectural style: the first level had arches supported by columns in the Doric Order, the second featured arches with Ionic columns and the third one consisted of a wall with pilasters in the Corinthian Order. You read "Effects of Roman Architecture" in category "Essay examples" 8 Only parts of the first two levels are still visible today but their design withstood years and years of usage. The Roman’s also used the idea of the arch and developed into the vault. The simplest kind of vault is a barrel vault, it’s generally semicircle in shape and has a continuous arch, the length being greater than its diameter. 4 Rings are placed in position one at a time while the timber supports are taken out. With a barrel vault, the temporary support is then shifted on to support the next rings. 6 You had to take so many steps to get the final structure. And did they know it was going to work? They’re the Roman’s, they can do anything. Maybe they took a few test trials though. Two kids received identical play houses. One kid brought fake pots and little plastic food to play with. The other kid brought a toy gun and plastic tools to play with. Which kid would you assume has power of the other? The kid with the toy gun of course! The Roman’s not only had amazing, massive structures, they also used them to the max. The Roman’s are known for their spectacular public baths. The most famous being Diocletian and the Bath of Caracalla. 3 During this period of time many people did not care much about their hygiene. What they did was create elegant baths for the Roman public. This was never before done, so those looking from the outside would think that pretty important people must live there. The Roman’s also had many temples and tombs to honor certain people. The temples and tombs always looked so exquisite too. So did that mean so many great and powerful people lived in Rome? That’s what they wanted you to think. Josh Billings a humor writer once said, â€Å"You pretty it up, they’ll believe anything you’ll say. †9 The Colosseum is a great example of how the Roman’s used their masterpieces. The Colosseum was used to host gladiatorial shows as well as a variety of other events. Another popular type of show was the animal hunt. This utilized a great variety of wild beasts, mainly imported from Africa and the Middle East and included creatures such as rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephants, giraffes and ostriches. 1 Such events were occasionally on a huge scale; Some contests involving 11,000 animals and 10,000 gladiators over the course of 123 days. 7 There are also accounts of a â€Å"sea battle†, described as being filled with water for a show of specially trained swimming horses and bulls. The way they did things in the Colosseum was very gruesome. They occasionally used condemned people for â€Å"plays† where executions in which the hero of the story was killed in various gruesome but mythologically authentic ways, such as being mauled by beasts or burned to death. 6 The poet Anatole Broyard once said, â€Å"Rome was a poem pressed into service as a city. †3 If the Colosseum singly would be a poem it’d be the gruesome, horrid type of poem. Bringing wild animals and having men try to kill them was just a game to watch. What is the rest of the world going to think about Rome when they here what they do for fun? I would be scared. The Colosseum is the pride and joy of the Roman’s. It is the greatest work of Roman Architecture and Roman Engineering. It put together everything they worked for, everything they were good at. It’s the distinct building that everyone knows and remembers. Byron, a historian once said, â€Å"While stands the Colosseum, Rome shall stand; When falls the Colosseum, Rome shall fall; And when Rome falls, the world. †2 Its beauty, design and usage made everyone believe the Roman’s had the power. The Colosseum is about 620Ãâ€"513 ft. in length and about 165 ft. in height. The internal arena was 287Ãâ€"180 ft. It’s estimated that it could seat 45 to 50,000 spectators and on special occasions the numbers could be as high as 70,000! 4 The skeletal framework consisted of concentric piers and arches and was built of Travertine limestone, these rings were linked with walls. There were also four stories all together, all surrounded with a total of 80 arches. 2 The floor of the arena was made of wood and then covered with sand. Under the arena there was an 18 ft. high basement which stood on cement foundations some 18 ft. thick. The basement is an architectural masterpiece in itself, about as big as the arena itself too. The rooms of the basement were specially constructed to support the show on the stage above but were used for a number of purposes such as keeping animals, medics, gladiators, general supplies and so on. It is known that there was an elevator type device to elevate animals and fighters into the arena from the floors underneath so that they could join in the action when it was their turn. 7 Besides the structural wonderment of the Colosseum, it held so much allure from all points of view. Matthew Arnold is quoted saying, â€Å"I gazed upon the scene with intense and mingled feeling. The world could show nothing greater. â€Å"2 From the thoroughness of every individual arch to the hand crafted statues. There was a definite appeal in this building. Only the great and powerful can do great and powerful things. This is something the Romans believed, and heavily. Being able to build such grand and ravishing buildings proved that they could do great and powerful things. The late Spanish writer, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra once said, â€Å"When thou art at Rome, do as they do at Rome†. 2 Obviously Rome’s â€Å"scare factor† was known to many. Some may think that Roman and Greek architecture are the same concept, but the Roman’s put so much more into their skill. The way they meshed together their artistic abilities and architectural abilities created such a great and powerful bond. Their unbelievable leaps in the architecture ladder should be remembered for a long time, it is very much deserved. Roman Architecture effected the future’s idea on structure, design and the ability to obtain power by it’s beauty, it’s structure, and it’s uses. They wanted to be know, they literally killed for it! The year is 2009 and we remember, congratulations Rome. How to cite Effects of Roman Architecture, Essay examples

An Analysis Of Criminal Justice And Policing Policy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of Criminal Justice And Policing Policy. Answer: Introduction The world has been witnessing rising calls for criminal justice reforms in the recent days owing to the extraordinarily huge levels of incarceration witnessed across the world. While the policy (criminal justice and policing policy) has been applied in addressing different types of criminal justice issues, this paper intends to focus on the application of criminal justice and policing policy in the control of drugs and gambling. The two vices have had negative consequences to the society and up today it seems there are not established policies to deal with them effectively. In the discussion, the paper will explore the right criminal justices approaches as well the policing policies that can be adopted to the end the menace contributed by the two anti-social aspects. Wayne (2013, p. 203) wonders why policymakers and regulatory authorities define some activities and human behaviors as being criminal, thus subjecting them to legal sanctions while exempting other similar forms of activities and human behaviors from the definition of a crime. In a seemingly quick response, Baradar and Frank (2012, p. 539) offer an answer by stating that what makes an activity or human behavior constitute a criminal activity is the nature of harm that such an activity or human behavior causes. At this point, the reason for a pause is, is gambling a criminal activity? What harm does it cause? Obviously, there are quite a number of harms in the public domain that can be either directly or indirectly associated with the gambling activity. While gambling is an addiction and not necessarily a crime, it is its association with the elevated rates of the crime of illicit drugs that makes it hard to separate the two. In fact, it is gambling that supersedes illicit drug dealing in most of the cases (Reiner, 2012, p. 117). Most gamblers start as law-abiding citizens for the first few years (or months), but upon the exhaustion of their resources, at a time in which they have generated into problem gamblers, they turn to the crime of drugs. A study conducted by Naughton (2011, p. 43) concluded that income-generating criminal activities were statistically related to the pathological gambling witnessed in the world, with drug ranking the highest. In this study, the researchers compared the different convictions of crimes in the United Kingdom with a relatively corresponding pattern of a random sample drawn from gamblers across the United Kingdom. Besides, another study conducted in Vietnam prisons among 35 women also proved a strong relation between gambling as a social problem in the casinos in Melbourne and the illicit drugs in the area. However, Beck (2015, p. 196) argues that a clear role that gambling plays in contributing to the sale and use of drugs may only be brought out in the light of the knowledge of the other kinds of addictions (noting that gambling is an addiction) and their associated patterns of crimes. Based, on the two researches, this paper attests that gambling causes harm to the society. The author, Carol (2012, p. 124), notes that drug and gambling have been described to constitute the problem of law and order.' But one wonders what the description of the problem of law and order' really means. Different authorities, scholars, and analysts offer differing explanations on the roots of drugs and gambling as a social problem and Bushway, and Emily (2013, p. 318) attributes the difference in the explanations to the fact that all problems rest on theories. As such, it depends on the approach that one uses to describe or analyze the social problem. For instance, economists base their argument on the rationality and self-interest of the crime where they argue that such an individual will cease pursuing crime should the cost of the crime surpass the benefit. On the other hand, sociologists argue that the social environment in which the individuals who turn out to be the victims operates places them in an arguably structurally strained and disorganized setting; which pressur es them to pursue the criminal activity. Policy analysts, in high contrast to the two explanations above, advocate that the inequity in the construction and application of laws brew the criminals. Despite all these explanations, there arise situations in which no specific explanation fits in describing the situation. For instance, a closer analysis of gambling shows that individuals who generate clean wealth through legally recognized methods serve as gambling greatest victims. Do they turn to the drug after exhausting their resources? Some dont (Beckett and Alexes, 2011, p. 512). A more challenging situation arises due to the fact that, owing to the difference in the theoretical approaches to drug and crime as a social problem, there exist key areas of departure in the policy recommendations that each approach generates. Going by the description above; economists advocate for a punitive and a deterring remedy while sociologists favor the expansion of the legitimate opportunities in the economy and equity to solve the problem. In contrast, political analysts encourage a societal reorganization such that wealth is equitably distributed and justice system moves from responding to class power to limiting harm (Braga et al., 2014, p. 650). All the policy recommendations are not, however, with key limitations due to the assumptions that each approach considers. The drug crime and gambling as a social problem being as a result of the inequity in the society is mistaken when considering the fact that wealthy individuals do gamble. The key question at this point would be what the best policy approach to drug and gambling is a social problem? Dansky (2016, p. 64) argues that a suitable approach should act as a double-edged sword; one side aimed at punishment and deterrence and the other aimed at rehabilitation and reintegration. No single side of the sword' would prove effective as it has been witnessed by the two different media publication with one advocating for the use of prisons to deter/stop crime and the other arguing that tough crime laws and punishment serve to fail (Boylan and Naci, 2013, p. 579). With each article basing their argument on well-reasoned arguments, it becomes hard to choose the suitable approach hence the need to blend the two given the fact that a punitive approach through prisons brews more crime' and a rehabilitative approach reduces deterrence. Conclusion Although gambling has been associated with several social-related problems, the crime of illicit drugs serves as the most prominent. Besides, while no policy approach to a social problem serves as a ready-to-drink solution its inarguably true that the policy intervention that would go the greatest deal to solving the dilemma would be the most suitable. This calls for the intervention of the criminal justice system and society at large to establish policies that are capable controlling and precenting the gambling activities. References Bacchi, Carol. 2014. Analysing Policy. Whats the problem represented to be? Pearson Australia Baradaran, Shima and Frank, McIntyre. 2012. Predicting Violence. Texas Law Review 90 (1): 497-570. Beck, Allen. 2015. Use of Restrictive Housing in U.S. Prisons and Jails, 2011-12. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Beckett, Katherine and Alexes, Harris. 2011. On cash and conviction: Monetary sanctions as misguided policy. Criminology Public Policy 10(3): 509-537. Boylan, Richard T., and Naci Mocan. 2013. "Intended and Unintended Consequences of Prison Reform." The Journal of Law and Economics 30(3): 558-586. Braga, Anthony, Andrew Papachristos and David Hureau. 2014. The Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Justice Quarterly 31(4): 633-663. Bushway, Shawn D., and Emily G. Owens. 2013. "Framing Punishment: Incarceration, Recommended Sentences, and Recidivism." Journal of Law Economics 56(2): 301-331. Dansky, Kara. 2016. Local Democratic Oversight of Police Militarization. Harvard Law Review 10: 59-75. Naughton, M., 2011. How the Presumption of Innocence Renders the Innocent Vulnerable to Wrongful ConvictionsIrish Journal of Legal Studies, 2(1): 40-54. Reiner, Morgan. (eds), 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (5th Edition) Oxford: Clarendon Press. Wayne Morrison, in Hale, C., et al., (eds), 2013. What is Crime? Contrasting definitions and Perspectives, Criminology, Oxford: OUP.